ECMAScript 2020 New Features

ECMAScript 2020, also known as ES11, introduced several new features to JavaScript. Some of the key features introduced in ECMAScript 2020 include:

1. BigInt:
   • Allows the representation of arbitrarily large integers.
   • Created by appending n to the end of an integer literal or by calling the BigInt() constructor.
   • Example:

                             
                                 const bigNum = 123456789012345678901234567890n;
                             
                         

2. Dynamic Import:
   • Enables importing modules dynamically using import().
   • Allows loading modules conditionally or on-demand.
   • Example:

                             
                                 const module = await import('./module.js');
                             
                         

3. Nullish Coalescing Operator (??):
   • Provides a way to handle default values for null or undefined values.
   • Returns the right-hand side operand when the left-hand side operand is null or undefined.
   • Example:

                             
                                 const value = null ?? 'default';
                             
                         

4. Optional Chaining (?.):
   • Simplifies accessing properties of nested objects when some properties may be null or undefined.
   • Allows chaining of property accesses without having to check for each level's existence.
   • Example:

                             
                                 const address = user?.address?.city;
                             
                         

5. globalThis:
   • Provides a standard way of accessing the global object across different environments.
   • Offers a unified way to access the global object regardless of the context (e.g., browser, Node.js).
   • Example:

                             
                                 globalThis.console.log('Hello');
                             
                         

6. Promise.allSettled():
   • Returns a promise that resolves after all the provided promises have settled (fulfilled or rejected).
   • Provides an array of objects with information about each promise's fulfillment status.
   • Example:

                             
                                 Promise.allSettled([promise1, promise2])
                                 .then(results => console.log(results));                          
                             
                         

These features enhance JavaScript by providing better ways to handle nullish values, manage asynchronous operations, and improve code readability and maintainability.

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