How To Encode and Decode Strings with Base64 in JavaScript

In JavaScript, you can use the btoa() function to encode a string to Base64 and atob() function to decode a Base64-encoded string back to its original form. Here's a simple example:

Encoding (String to Base64):

        
            const originalString = 'Hello, World!';

            // Encoding to Base64
            const base64EncodedString = btoa(originalString);
            
            console.log('Original String:', originalString);
            console.log('Base64 Encoded String:', base64EncodedString);            
        
    

Decoding (Base64 to String):

        
            const base64EncodedString = 'SGVsbG8sIFdvcmxkIQ==';

            // Decoding from Base64
            const decodedString = atob(base64EncodedString);
            
            console.log('Base64 Encoded String:', base64EncodedString);
            console.log('Decoded String:', decodedString);            
        
    

Remember that the btoa() and atob() functions work with ASCII strings. If you try to encode non-ASCII characters, you might encounter issues. In that case, you may need to use btoa(unescape(encodeURIComponent(originalString))) for encoding and decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(base64EncodedString))) for decoding to handle non-ASCII characters correctly.

Here's an example that handles non-ASCII characters:

Encoding and Decoding with Non-ASCII Characters:

        
            const originalString = '你好，世界！';

            // Encoding to Base64 with non-ASCII characters
            const base64EncodedString = btoa(unescape(encodeURIComponent(originalString)));
            
            console.log('Original String:', originalString);
            console.log('Base64 Encoded String:', base64EncodedString);
            
            // Decoding from Base64 with non-ASCII characters
            const decodedString = decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(base64EncodedString)));
            
            console.log('Base64 Encoded String:', base64EncodedString);
            console.log('Decoded String:', decodedString);            
        
    

Always ensure that you handle encoding and decoding consistently, especially when dealing with special characters or when interoperating with other systems that might expect a specific format.

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