How to Set Up SSH Keys on Ubuntu 20.04

Setting up SSH keys on Ubuntu 20.04 involves a few steps. Here’s a guide:

1. Check for Existing SSH Keys
   • Check for existing SSH keys:

     Run this command to see if you already have SSH keys:

                             
                                 ls ~/.ssh/id_*.pub
                             
                         

     If you see files named id_rsa.pub or id_dsa.pub, you have existing keys.

2. Generate New SSH Key Pair (if needed)
   • Generate a new SSH key pair:

     If you don’t have keys or wish to create a new one, use:

                             
                                 ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"
                             
                         

     This command creates a new SSH key using the provided email. Press Enter to accept the default file location (~/.ssh/id_rsa) and optionally set a passphrase for added security.

3. Add SSH Key to SSH Agent
   • Start the SSH agent:

                             
                                 eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
                             
                         

   • Add your SSH private key to the SSH agent:

                             
                                 ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa
                             
                         

     (Replace ~/.ssh/id_rsa with the path to your private key if it's different.)

4. Copy the Public Key to the Remote Server
   • Copy the public key to the server:

     Use ssh-copy-id to copy your public key to the remote server. Replace username and remote_host with your server’s username and IP address or domain name:

                             
                                 ssh-copy-id username@remote_host
                             
                         

     Enter your password when prompted.

5. Test SSH Connection
   • Connect to the server using SSH:

                             
                                 ssh username@remote_host
                             
                         

     If everything is set up correctly, it should log you in without asking for a password.

6. Disable Password Authentication (Optional but Recommended for Security)
   • Edit SSH configuration file:

     Open the SSH configuration file using a text editor (like nano or vim):

                             
                                 sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
                             
                         

   • Disable Password Authentication:

     Find the line PasswordAuthentication and set it to no:

                             
                                 PasswordAuthentication no
                             
                         

   • Restart SSH service:

     Restart the SSH service to apply changes:

                             
                                 sudo systemctl restart sshd
                             
                         

That should get you set up with SSH keys on Ubuntu 20.04! Remember, using SSH keys for authentication is a secure method for accessing remote servers.

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